The basic constructions for citations are as follows: Direct Quotations (Short)ĭirect quotations use the (author, year, page) format.Į.g., It is worthwhile to note that, for Spiegelman, the “active construction of nationalism” is one that is performed through his reflection on “the precise site of a violent event” (Penney, 2010, p.5). In APA format, in-text citations are required for both paraphrased and directly-quoted material. Where the citation appears depends on how you have structured your signal phrase. Follow the style guide as closely as possible while trying to make it easy for your reader to identify and find your research. Helpful tip: Sometimes sources will not have all the information you need (for example, an otherwise credible website may not have page numbers). You can consider the parenthetical citation to be a directional arrow to your reference list, helping your reader find your original source.

However, using APA rigorously also helps you to become a part of your discipline’s community of practice: it places your work into conversation with the work of others, and it allows your readers to easily trace, find, and engage with the sources that you use in your own work.ĪPA requires that sources be documented in two places: in the body of the paper (parenthetical citations) and in the reference list (complete reference entries).

Most obviously, it ensures academic integrity by requiring that you give proper credit to the thoughts, ideas, and words of other thinkers and researchers. Using APA correctly serves a number of purposes. Or detail, refer to the Publication Manual for the American Psychological Association, 6th edition. However, APA style covers a number of writing and formatting conventions, including pagination, fonts, heading styles, and the ordering of paper sections. This guide explains how to provide in-text citations and reference entries for common types of sources. As an editorial style, APA is a good choice for those who would like their readers to be able to find sources of information easily. Printable version of APA Style Citation PDF.ĪPA is a reference and style guide most often used in the social sciences, including psychology, criminology, business, and sociology.

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